If we need to override for exemple the block--inline-block-full-widget-simulator.html.twig suggestion with a module MY_MODULE,

1. place the corresponding template in MY_MODULE/templates
2. In the MY_MODULE.module add the following :

/**
 * Implements hook_theme().
 */
function MY_MODULE_theme() {
  return [
    'block__inline_block_full_widget_simulator' => [
      'render element' => 'elements',
      'base hook' => 'block',
    ],
  ];
}